I can see that happening. He was pretty physically trashed at that point in 2012 and might be too weak to get very far with the Tesseract. In 2012, Bucky would still be under HYDRA's thumb, and they would also have the sceptre with the Mind Stone, so perhaps he could come looking for that, and use it to snag the Winter Soldier out of sheer desperation because he's not in good shape to actually face off with him. He would probably not be sure what to do with him at that point, because his primary motivation would be dodging Thanos, so anything could happen from there.